The Key to Successful Sexism Essay Topics

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What Is An Example Of Research Papers On Bulghorn Music?

What Is An Example Of Research Papers On Bulghorn Music?Research papers on Bulghorn music will contain different sorts of information about the musical practices in the South East Europe region. The paper is to be short, yet informative. It should make an interesting read for the reader.As much as Bulghorn is a part of the Ostyak and North- West regions, there are still some aspects that are not known to the general public. For example, some parts of the region have been left out in favour of other places that are closer to Kiev and Kyiv. So, if you really want to learn about the history of this musical practice, you have to study and research the areas that are not known by the public. There are also some regional differences in this musical genre.Bulghorn has always been a tradition that involves many elements. It has different forms, methods and instruments. The type of music you choose to study will depend on what aspects you want to focus on. This can be anywhere from the format ion of the genre to the regional features. If you want to concentrate on that, you will study how different singers were chosen and trained for this kind of work.You will also get to learn about the different instruments that are used in this type of singing. You will learn about the different vocal styles that the singers had. Some singers were singing with very clear harmonies, while others used more complex rhythm in their performances. The knowledge on the different instruments used in this type of singing is a great help for anyone who wants to pursue this field.People will need to find the documents related to Bulghorn Music, so they can study this in depth. You will be given a list of sources that you can find by doing a search. You may have to follow the links on these web sites, so that you can keep up with the latest releases of research papers on Bulghorn Music.When you are looking for examples of research papers on Bulghorn Music, you will have to look into the documents that are available. You may have to look into a website that is dedicated to this type of music. Or, you may have to look for the documents in libraries in your city. These documents are kept at different locations.Bulghorn Music is a traditional form of singing that has been around for centuries. It has been closely linked to the people of this region. Even today, it is still considered a valuable tradition that has helped in the development of music.In conclusion, if you are thinking of studying Bulghorn Music, you should check out the documents that are available. You will be able to learn more about the people who have been singing this type of music and how the process has evolved over the years.

Sample Essay Topics

Sample Essay TopicsIf you're writing an essay about South African food, holidays and other topics, here are sample essay topics with no letters, just sample sentences for ideas and samples of writing skills. These sample topics will be in essence samples of stories, articles with passages like this.To be fair, the sample essay topics on the internet are generally not very good for writing essays. The writer may not make the comparisons of things they've read. Many pages or paragraphs are too long, or the topics that start to 'cling' around are so general that it's almost a non-fiction piece.But if you do decide to write original essays, I suggest writing a survey. Sample essays are an excellent way to gather the general information and ideas you'll need to cover a particular topic. In order to do this, you'll need to come up with the basic facts and what you know about your topic.So how does a survey come about? Writing a survey essay topic is simply doing the same thing as an essay, except you'll use topics other than food, holidays and other subjects.The essay topic that I recommend for the idea of this article is something along the lines of your favorite vacation destination or perhaps your favorite animal. In other words, it will be about another country - a country in which you can go and experience some of the culture and how the people live.These sample essay topics come from other countries, as well as a few from the United States and Canada. And while many tourists visit South Africa, and South Africa is a country where most people love to travel, other countries in the world have been visited by millions.So this sample essay topics is a must for anyone who has a passion for traveling or who has some knowledge of a place they would like to visit. It's not really 'writing' per se; it's more like a list of things to write about.

Essay about Why Is Changez Unable to Become an American

In the monologue, ‘The Reluctant Fundamentalist’, written by Mohsin Hamid, the protagonist is Changez, a Pakistani moves to America to pursue his Princeton degree, traces his journey of his adaption to American society, including his college life, his job at Underwood Samson, and his connection to an American girl. The assertion that â€Å"I was, in four and a half years, never an American; I was immediately a New Yorker† is not a valid point because he begins with defining himself as an American at the start. Whereas after the devastating effects of 9/11, and in consequence how Muslims were treated, Changez see’s the seeds of resentment on the surface, and becomes more patriotic towards Lahore. Likewise, his egocentricity starts to resonate as†¦show more content†¦Changez starts to show his smug sense of power, and flaunts his new American Identity after securing his job at Underwood Samson, with the credit card that comes with it. His smugness is ironically undercut when the Pak Punjab Deli doesn’t recognize his American Express card. For the first time since he moved to America, Changez finally felt accepted and at home as he had gained his ‘new’ identity. We start to notice Changez becoming more comfortable with his new Western identity, when exposed to the corporate ideals. As Changez further develops his relationship with Erica, she becomes his guide into the chic heart of New York. â€Å"I realised I was being ushered into an insider’s world – the chic heart of the city – to which I would otherwise have no access.† He begins to feel as though he is invincible, consolidated in his belief â€Å"my Princeton degree and Underwood Samson business card were invariably sufficient to earn me a respectful nod of approval.† Changez believes he is immune to scrutiny, and this shows a dangerous sense of naivety. He believes he can conquer the suspicions with the armour of his success. A narcissistic trait surfaces as he gets more comfortable with his new American identity, and begins to take noShow MoreRelatedThe Reluctant Fundamentalist - Is Changez a Solid Character?1094 Words   |  5 PagesYou give off t his strong sense of home... it makes you feel solid - (Erica) Is Changez a solid character? In Mohsin Hamid’s taut psychological thriller The Reluctant Fundamentalist readers are exposed to the gradual degradation of Changez s personal image and relationships. The solidity of Changez can be clearly seen through his stages of moving to America, progressing through university and meeting Erica. This initial mind-set is lost after the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Centre in NewRead MoreThe Reluctant Fundamentalist5450 Words   |  22 PagesQuestions around the themes Fundamentalism Is Changez a Religious (Islamic) fundamentalist, or does he become one in his rejection of American society? Is Hamid implying that America is guilty of economic and political fundamentalism? Is Changez rejecting the ‘fundamentals’ of Underwood Sampson- maximum profit etc? Nostalgia When does nostalgia become destructive? Changez compares nostalgia to crack cocaine- How powerful is it really? And to whom? Identity What is the relationship between personalRead More The Reluctant Fundamentalist Essay2829 Words   |  12 Pagesconservative in nature. It is a pejorative term usually associated with religious fanaticism. Usually, this is what comes to mind when there is mention of a fundamentalist. However, in Mohsin Hamids The Reluctant Fundamentalist starring the protagonist Changez, a Pakistani Princetonian who is a top-ranked employee at a prestigious New York valuation firm, turns out not to be an Islamic fundamentalist, but a reluctant fundamentalist of US Capitalism. Hamid challenges readers to reevaluate their preconceived

Health Risk Energy

Question: Select a specific method of energy production. Determine the most significant health risk associated with the production of this energy source, and recommend a process improvement that could significantly reduce the level of risk associated with the current method of production. Support your recommendation? Answer: Introduction Environmental health is associated with the public health, which deals with the different aspects in the nature of the environment. The energy production includes several hazardous materials that can create the negative impact on the health of the human being (Twidell Weir, 2015). The study is associated with the recognition of the methods of producing the energy and determines the potential health risk. Depending on such health risks, the recommendations will be presented accordingly. The linking of the climate changes with the health issues will be evaluated in this study. The study will also discuss the role of the government and regulatory factors in minimising the risks more specifically. The associated practices will be presented further in this study. Methods of Energy Production In this current genre, many of the methods are applied for producing the energy services that can facilitate the environmental resources for the future prospects. According to York (2012), energy can be produced by burning both the woody biomass and fossil fuel. The power supplied from burning fossil fuels and woody biomass is utilized in the hospitals and schools. In keeping pace with the technological development, the energy production has become more significant in this current time. Coal is signified as the most usable fossil fuel that can produce energy with lesser amount of emissions and mitigate the changing climate of the environment. Associated Health Risk It is to be noted that burning fossil fuel is one of the significant ways to produce the energy services that are beneficial for the environment (Haines et al. 2014). However, the energy produced from the fossil fuels is the reason behind the environmental global warming. People in the environment are thus facing the health risks more effectively. The emissions of the hazardous chemicals in the environment are affecting both the reproductive and respiratory system of the human being. Moreover, the chemicals may directly affect the human organs and sometimes it forms several skin diseases (Smith et al. 2013). The radiation originated during the energy production is also much hazardous for the human health. Recommendation It is to be noted that the due to global warming, human beings have to face several serious health issues. The role of the family physician is very much significant in recommending the adaptation of suitable lifestyle. The family physician needs to recommend the patient to reduce the consumption of the red meat, which enhances the probability of diabetes mellitus, combat obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the reduction of the carbon emission can prevent the disease formed in the human health due to global warming. Planting more trees will increase the number of greenery that can absorb the carbon in the environment and produce more oxygen. Global Health Issues related to Climate Change In considering the health risk due to the climate change, it has been seen that majority of the people face the global risk of mortality. As per the report presented by WHO, the health practitioners indicated that almost 7.5 million people suffered from hypertension during the climate change and many of the people died due to such health issue. The climate change is associated with the food and water security problem, which affects the human health more specifically (McMichael, 2013). The scarcity of water affects the agriculture and human mortality. Moreover, the climate change directly affects the future population. Model of Climate Change Risk Mitigation The governments of developed countries have been concentrating on the mitigation process that can reduce the risks related to the negative impacts of climate change. The adaptation related to the changing climate is specifying the implementation of a theoretical model The government of developed countries like US is concentrating on the probable lifestyles required to be adopted to minimise the negative impacts of climate change. The universal service provisions can be one of the significant ways to improvise the lifestyles of the urbanised people. The vast form of the infrastructure requires the investments of a large amount of resources (Watts et al. 2015). Saving the resources for the future prospects is necessary in surviving during the climate changes. Power and energy saving are also much significant during the climate changing scenario. Health Risks associated with the wastages of the products during manufacturing process During the manufacturing of the products, the wastages like carbon emissions, chemical particles are emitted in the environments. It is to be noted that the wasted polymer or polythene are taken as the pollutants in the environment (Covello Merkhoher, 2013). On the other hand, the emitted carbons are harmful for the respiratory system of the human beings. The burning wastages emitted from the manufacturing place can pollute the air, which cause the hazardous incidents in the environment. Similarly, the hazardous wastages can even create the negative impacts on human health much prominently. Ethical Concerns In determining the ethical concerns related to the elimination of the hazardous effects that are created due to the wastages emitted in the manufacturing process. In the year of 1987, The Brundtland Commission presented one concept regarding the ethical concerns. It was stated, Satisfying the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Oecd-nea.org, 2016). In maintaining the ethical standards, the intergenerational equity is needed to be maintained while selecting the proper technological tools that can be utilized for the manufacturing purposes. These technologies can facilitate the manufacturing process by minimising the risks related to the health issues caused by the wastages. The second ethical concern is focusing on the intra-generational equity, which is concentrating on the resource allocations. The timely disposal of the wastages can minimise the health risks in the manufacturing company. Accordingly, the environmenta l health hazards can also be prevented. Governmental Regulations The government of United States is concentrating on the hazardous situation that can harm the human lives more specifically during the energy producing activities. Therefore, the government has applied few of the regulations in order to prevent the risks related to the human health. In the year of 1955, the government of US introduced the Air Pollution Control Act, which signifies the utilization of the advanced technological tools (Davies Mazurek, 2014). The use of such technical tools minimises the air pollutions during the manufacturing process. In the year of 1969, the emergence of National Environmental Policy Act determines the enhancements of the quality standards of the manufacturing process. If the industries can maintain the proper standards of manufacturing energy products, the wastages can be of minimal risks and ensure the limited proportion of risks (Anderson, 2013). Another regulation enacted upon the preventions of the health risks in the environment is termed as Occ upational Safety and Health Act in 1970. As per this regulation, the people associated in the industrial manufacturing process need to take several precautions while producing the energy services (Friend Kohn, 2014). The applied regulations are effective enough in minimising the health risks. Therefore, it can be stated that the role of the governmental regulations has been much significant in preventing the health risks formulated during the waste emissions of the manufacturing industries. Conclusion Burning fossil fuel can be one of the relevant methods of producing the energy services. In spite of having the advantages in producing the energy services, it includes the health risks more specifically. However, the evaluation of the proper ethical concerns can minimise the potential risks. In fact, the application of the regulatory aspects is also effective enough in reducing the risks more commendably. References Anderson, F. R. (2013).NEPA in the courts: a legal analysis of the National Environmental Policy Act. Routledge. Covello, V. T., Merkhoher, M. W. (2013).Risk assessment methods: approaches for assessing health and environmental risks. Springer Science Business Media. Davies, J. C., Mazurek, J. (2014).Pollution Control in United States: Evaluating the System. Routledge. Friend, M. A., Kohn, J. P. (2014).Fundamentals of occupational safety and health. Bernan Press. Haines, A., Ebi, K. L., Smith, K. R., Woodward, A. (2014). Health risks of climate change: act now or pay later.The Lancet,384(9948), 1073-1075. McMichael, A. J. (2013). Globalization, climate change, and human health.New England Journal of Medicine,368(14), 1335-1343. Oecd-nea.org, (2016). The Environmental and Ethical Basis of Geological Disposal of Long-Lived Radioactive Wastes. [online] Available at: https://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1995/geodisp/ethical-environmental-considerations.html [Accessed 27 Jan. 2016]. Smith, K. R., Frumkin, H., Balakrishnan, K., Butler, C. D., Chafe, Z. A., Fairlie, I., ... McMichael, A. J. (2013). Energy and human health.Annual Review of public health,34, 159-188. Twidell, J., Weir, T. (2015).Renewable energy resources. Routledge. Watts, N., Adger, W. N., Agnolucci, P., Blackstock, J., Byass, P., Cai, W., ... Cox, P. M. (2015). Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health.The Lancet,386(10006), 1861-1914. York, R. (2012). Do alternative energy sources displace fossil fuels?.Nature Climate Change,2(6), 441-443.

The Establishment of an Immersion Program at a Prep Elementary School in Saudi Arabia

The rationale for the choice of the model The rationale for the establishment of the partial immersion program at an elementary school in Saudi Arabia is based upon the benefits of this model for the students’ cognitive abilities and proficiency in general and political and educational advantages of this model of bilingual education within a broader educational context.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on The Establishment of an Immersion Program at a Prep Elementary School in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After the disapproval of Separate Underlying Proficiency (SUP) model of bilingualism developed by Cummins in 1984, it was replaced with the Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) model (Baker Sienkewicz, 2002, p. 73). The underlying assumption of the SUP model that the acquisition of the second language is possible at the expense of the first, and the proportion of the student’s pro ficiency in the primary language decreases proportionally, has been recognized as erroneous. Thus, the visual illustration of the bilingual education representing the two balloons in the head of a student was incorrect. The CUP model assumes that the human brain has enough space for not only two but even more languages. The latter model illustrates the process of bilingual education in the form of an image of two separate icebergs with only their peaks which can be seen on the surface and a common area in which they are fused defined as central processing system. The main conclusion from this assumption is that regardless of the language used, the student’s thoughts are generated within this unified system and bilingual programs are valuable for enhancing the students’ cognitive skills. The peculiarity of the cognitive processes in the elementary school students is an important aspect which should be taken into account for rationalizing the establishment of the immersi on program at a prep school.Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is evidence that before puberty students can learn the second language as successfully as their native language because they use the same part of the brain for acquiring the materials from both languages (Baker, 2001, p. 9). The lateralization, which is defined as the process within which each side of the brain develops its specific functions continues until puberty. It explains the benefits of enrolling young learners into the immersion programs which would allow enhancing their chances for receiving a comprehensible input due to the relative simplicity of the curricula at this stage in general and developing a native-like accent in the target language. Along with the benefits of fostering the development of students’ cognitive skills, the establishment of the immersion program at an elementary school in S audi Arabia can have specific cultural and political advantages. On the one hand, taking into account the cultural context of the country is essential to teaching and interpreting language material, which is a powerful social instrument. In that regard, the studies of the Islamic values and Arabic culture are the compulsory elements of the educational program. On the other hand, taking into account the tension in international relations after the events of September 9/11, the establishment of a bilingual program could have positive political implications for the school. The immersion program can help achieve the proclaimed goal of combining Islamic and modern culture in nurturing the growing population.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on The Establishment of an Immersion Program at a Prep Elementary School in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More English as the language of international communication p lays a significant role in establishing positive international relations and enhancing the students’ literacy can become a contribution to making the country’s perspectives in the international arena more optimistic. The establishment of the immersion program could be helpful for not only educating the specialists knowledgeable in English as the language of international communications and reducing the tension in Saudi Arabian relations with other countries intensified after the attacks of September 11, 2001. The events on September 11, 2001, fueled the criticism of Saudi involvement into the terrorist financing affairs and the country’s relative laxity in combating the terrorist groups on its territory (Blanchard Prados, 2007, CRS1). Numerous allegations regarding the ties between the Saudi officials and ordinary citizens on the one hand and the terrorist organization Al Qaeda with its leader the exiled Saudi terrorist Osama bin Laden, on the other hand, have been made in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. The accusations of Saudi involvement in terrorist financing were partially based on the extreme religious views in the country and the tradition of zakat as the charitable contributions from every citizen counting for about 5% of the individual’s income which are frequently anonymous and not adequately reported but are regarded as the religious obligation for Muslims at the same time. In that regard, fostering the teaching of the English language by establishing the immersion program in the elementary school can be considered as the sign of updating the educational programs, balancing the traditional cultural values, the universal humanistic values and the international culture heritage in the school curricula as the strategy intended to improve the Saudi international relations. Thus, the improved chances for better development of the students’ language competency and cognitive skills in general and positive cult ural and political implications of establishing the partial immersion program in the elementary school can be regarded as the significant benefits and rationale for introducing the bilingual programs into the Saudi Arabian curricula (Garcia, 2009, p. 104).Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analysis of the program’s contribution to the children’s language acquisition Along with the advantages is compliant of the bilingual education for the students’ cognitive development, the immersion program with the major principles of language acquisition in elementary school and can become a valuable contribution to the students’ language competency. Currently, the immersion programs are internationally recognized by educators and politicians as advantageous for not only students’ acquisition of the target language, but also enhancing their knowledge of the first language. There is evidence that in comparison to traditional education models, the immersion language programs provide additional opportunities for developing multilingual competence and gaining higher levels of communicative proficiency (Lindholm-Leary, 2001, p. 1). Acknowledging the cultural foundations of the language, it can be stated that immersion programs can not only enhance stu dents’ linguistic competence but also increase their cultural sensitivity. The early introduction of foreign languages gains expanded support from educators, business, and political leaders. The present-day language teaching techniques are characterized with the shift towards the proficiency-oriented instruction focused on the learners’ practical skills instead of their theoretical knowledge of the language rules (Ryan Cooper, 2010, p. 135). The shift of priorities in the language teaching models and the growing popularity of the immersion programs can be attributed to the advent of the concept of additive bilingualism. According to the theories of additive bilingualism, the introduction of the second language instruction not only does not hinder the further development of the native language competence but, on the contrary, complements it through comparing and contrasting materials in the two languages and enriching the cultural experience. It is significant to empha size the importance of creating the additive bilingual environment in the classroom enrolled into the immersion program instead of a subtractive program in which the introduction of the second language is conducted at the cost of the native language, replacing it (Baker, 2001, p. 307). The submersion approach can have some negative implications for the students’ performance and even their self-esteem. It explains the choice of the model of partial immersion model for Saudi Arabian elementary school, which would allow creating an additive bilingual environment favorable for enhancing the students’ language competence and communicative proficiency. The favorable classroom environment is significant for the students’ academic and personal development and can be created in the immersion programs due to the relative language homogeneity among the students. The early introduction of the second language and first immersion implies that all children are the beginners wh o lack the second language proficiency. In other words, there would not be any significant disparity between the students’ status regarding their second language proficiency which might be possible if some children were more proficient than others (Baker, 2001, p. 306). Another significant aspect to be considered in the early introduction of the immersion program is balancing the objectives of promoting the students’ second language proficiency and ensuring their overall achievement throughout the academic curriculum. Taking into account the importance of the elementary stage for the students’ academic performance in the future, the goal of developing children’s bilingual proficiency requires appropriate immersion teachers’ training for them to be able to balance the two sides of the immersion program without sacrificing any of the educational objectives. Along with the difficulties of creating an additive bilingual classroom environment and balanc ing the education objectives of enhancing the language competence and the academic performance, early immersion model predetermines students’ improved cognitive skills and better performance in the two languages. Based on the CUP model discussed above, according to which the competencies in two languages do not develop at the expense of one another, but instead go side by side and overlap in the area of the central processing system used for solving general problems and generating thoughts before expressing them in any of the languages. In terms of the central processing system, as it is outlined in the CUP model, the concepts which were learned in one language can be easily transferred to another language. The primary assumption of this model is that the two languages interrelate strongly during the immersion period and allow enhancing the overall students’ lingual proficiency and communicative skills (Baker Sienkewicz, 2002, p. 73). In other words, the early introdu ction of the second language not only does not deter the development of the first language skills but rather complements and fosters them. There is evidence that education program can be performed in one or more languages without any significant effects upon the level of students’ skills. However, it should be noted that the language used in the classroom needs to be well-developed so that to comply with the demands of the curriculum assignments. Otherwise, operating an insufficiently developed second language in the school can harm the student’s academic performance. In that regard, the early immersion program is advantageous due to the relative simplicity of the curriculum materials which would allow students to develop their linguistic proficiency at its fullest without reducing their academic achievements. Even though the significant idea of the CUP model concerning the integrated source of thought in bilinguals used for both languages is questioned by the Sapir-Wh orf hypothesis claiming that different languages provide different views of the world, it does not diminish the benefits of the immersion model for the students’ linguistic proficiency in both languages. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is that different languages can influence the individual’s way of thinking through their varied structures, concepts, and discourse (Baker, 2001, p. 170). However, even assuming that different languages allow viewing the concepts under different angles, it can be stated that the acquisition of the second language would only extend the students’ views and enhance their understanding of specific issues. Thus, the translation of meanings across the languages of the program would foster the development of the students’ cognitive skills. Reasons for the content areas to be taught The main issues which need to be taken into account in developing an early partial immersion program for a Saudi Arabian elementary school include the tradi tional values of Muslim culture, the standards of academic performance for elementary students and the demands of developing the second language proficiency at the level sufficient for complete comprehension of the academic instructions provided in the target language. It is recommended to consider the rule of 5 Cs, including the aspects of culture, communication, connections, comparisons, and communities for developing a comprehensive language immersion program (Garcia Baker, 2007, p. 13). Thus, the modern principles of bilingual education need to be adapted to the needs of a specific community and compliant with the laws of Indigenous country. The innovative approach to teaching languages in the era of enhanced international communication needs to be connected to the traditional values of the local culture. Serious consideration should be given to the role of religious beliefs in the Saudi Arabian community and culture. Though frequently even criticized because of its extreme rel igious views, the Saudi Arabian culture would be incomplete if deprived of theological subject area which is essential to the studies of the social sciences and the students’ socialization. On the other hand, in the context of the current modernization course and the goal of balancing the indigenous culture with modern international perspectives and the objective of improving the global relationships, the religious elements should not be overemphasized in the program, but rather balanced with the rest of the educational course. A complex consideration of the principles of the 5Cs framework can be defined as the most appropriate approach to selecting the subject areas which need to be included into the curriculum of the elementary students and the choice of the language of instruction for each specific discipline in the partial immersion project which would allow achieving the goals of enhancing the levels of the students’ linguistic proficiency without reducing their a cademic achievements or neglecting their cultural or spiritual needs. Focusing on the aspects of the culture and community from the 5 Cs framework, the subject areas of Islam studies and cultural values need to be incorporated into the curriculum of the elementary school. Taking into account the role of the religious studies in the Saudi Arabian community, it should be noted that theological studies need to become an essential element of the school curricula. Whereas the partial immersion program implies using the two languages, and the Arabian language is critical to transferring the main concepts of Muslim culture to children. In that regard, the instruction in a native language is preferable for such subject areas as theology and native culture containing some specific concepts which cannot be translated into the second language due to the lack of free equivalents in a foreign culture. The choice of the subjects to be taught in a foreign language can be rationalized by the need o f shifting the emphasis from theoretical materials towards the actual use of these materials in practice. Taking into account the principle of the CUP model which is put into the basis of the partial immersion program and according to which the common processing mechanism is used by the students for generating thoughts before expressing them in any of the two languages, it would be reasonable to provide the instructions for the subjects which require significant thinking operations in a second language. For instance, such subjects as mathematics, art, and the basics of social sciences can be taught in English without any significant decrease in their academic performance. Because these subjects require enhanced thinking processes which are prioritized over operation of the language materials, it can be stated that the use of a foreign language for a partial immersion program would allow shifting the focus towards the involved content instead of concentrating on the observation of th e language rules. Thus, providing students with opportunities for expressing their thoughts in a foreign language not for the sake of training the language skills but for the purpose of solving concrete academic problems might be helpful for enhancing their linguistic proficiency. As compared to the observation of the artificial use of the language materials in the imitated learning situations in traditional language models, providing the instructions for math, art and other subject areas requiring enhanced thinking activities and based upon more or less universal terminology independent from the coloring of the local culture would allow improve the students’ language proficiency without reducing their academic achievements. Along with the 5Cs framework and the consideration of the cultural demands of the Saudi Arabian community, another significant issue which should be taken into account when developing an effective bilingual program is the peculiarities of the development of the cognitive skills and perception of the academic materials in students at a given time. This approach would allow taking the advantages of the natural development of students instead of suppressing the natural processes in them. Thus, there is evidence that the early immersion programs can have positive effects on the students’ listening abilities and the skills of oral production (Lyster, 2007, p. 12). For this reason, the listening and speaking exercises deserve serious consideration in most subject areas, regardless of the chosen language of instruction for them. Without concentrating children’s attention upon the general rules for operating the language materials of the second language, the early immersion programs allow developing language fluency in learners through training their listening, comprehension and speaking skills while solving particular academic problems (Khan and Aziz, 2011, p. 107). Taking into account the importance of the listening exercise s in the early immersion programs, it should be noted that the teachers working according to this model need to be not only enthusiastic about creating the bilingual environment, but also have profound language skills in both English and Arabian, close or equal to the levels of native speakers. The educators’ attitudes and prior training play an essential role in the development of the students’ linguistic and communicative proficiency (Lee, Luykx, Buxton, Shaver, 2007, p. 1270). Due to the fact that the introduction of an early immersion model into the curriculum of a Saudi Arabian elementary school presupposes significant shifts in the educators’ traditional views of the school curriculum and approaches to teaching foreign languages, sufficient training would be required for changing not only the elements of the curriculum and the language of instruction in specific subject areas, but also the teachers’ perception of the academic outcomes and the educa tional objectives. Moreover, at the initial stages of the introduction of a new program of bilingual education, teachers will have to pay special attention to the levels of the students’ second language comprehension which has to be sufficient so that not to deter the children’s academic progress. On the other hand, the academic assignments need to be challenging so that students could concentrate on generating the solutions for the specific educational programs before expressing them in any of the program languages. Regardless of the criticism of the early immersion programs for the lack of the language creativity (Donato Tucker, 2010, p. 88), this model can be beneficial for developing the students’ fluency in the second language, enhancing their competence in the first language and even improving their cognitive skills on the condition that the framework of the 5CS is put into the basis of the school curriculum, and the objective of enhancing the studentsâ⠂¬â„¢ linguistic proficiency is balanced with the demands of the academic materials and cultural needs of a specific community. Regarding the development of a complex curriculum for the introduction of an early partial immersion model in the Saudi Arabian elementary school, the instruction in a native Arabian language is preferable for such study areas as religion and culture, whereas the second English language would be appropriate for the education in mathematics and art. Summary of the most critical  points The rationale for the establishment of the early partial immersion program at an elementary school in Saudi Arabia is focused upon the benefits of this model for the development of the students’ language competence, language skills and the positive political implications within broader educational and social contexts. After Cummins’ SUP model of bilingualism has been disapproved, it has been replaced with an innovative CUP model. Rejecting Cummins’ assum ption that the acquisition of the second language is performed at the expense of the first language proficiency, the CUP model claims that the addition of the second language is beneficial for the child’s cognitive development in general. According to the CUP model, the integrated mechanism of generating thoughts is used by students for solving the academic problems before expressing the achieved solutions in any of the program languages. Regardless of the recent tendency to reject the primary assumption of the CUP model concerning the integrated mechanism used for the thinking processes by claiming that varied languages with their specific syntactic constructions and concepts lacking absolute equivalents in other languages, the assumption that the bilingual classroom environment is beneficial for enhancing the levels of the students’ linguistic proficiency. Even if the constructions and concepts of a specific language affect the students’ perspectives upon the discussed concepts and perception of the academic materials, the acquisition of the second language will help extend the students’ views on concrete academic problems and enhancing their understanding of specific issues. Regarding the positive political implications of creating the bilingual environment in an elementary Saudi Arabian school, it can be stated that with the current situation in the international area, the introduction of the early immersion programs and enhancing the levels of the students’ proficiency in the English language as a language of global communications is significant for establishing positive relations with other countries. Taking into account that the religious extremism and cultural peculiarities of Saudi Arabian community predetermined the international criticism of the country, its officials and citizens for their involvement into the terrorism financing affairs, the measures need to be imposed for updating the national culture and educat ional programs. Balancing the social coloring of the school curricula with the needs of the new community and the tension in the international relations with the other countries in the aftermath of the events of the September 11, the basic concepts of the Saudi Arabian Muslim culture need to be preserved in the school curriculum. It is essential to create a positive bilingual environment and prevent suppression of the local culture so that to foster the students’ comprehensive development. In that regard, the partial immersion model can contribute to the students’ comprehensive development complying not only with their academic needs but also satisfying their social and spiritual demands which are significant for the process of their socialization. The framework of 5Cs is the most appropriate approach to balancing the various educational demands in developing a practical language teaching program, including the community, connections, culture, comparisons, and communic ation. The main burden of evaluating and controlling the levels of the students’ linguistic proficiency in both Arabian and English languages is put upon the educators. For this reason, special attention should be paid to the teachers’ immersion training and attitudes towards the establishment of the innovative model at the Saudi Arabian elementary school. With the recent shift towards the language teaching models based upon operation of the language materials instead of focusing on theoretical issues, the establishment of the early immersion program in the elementary Saudi Arabian school would allow the school going with the times even though would require additional efforts of the educators and administrators for balancing the different objectives of the curriculum and controlling the effectiveness of its establishment for preventing the possible hazards of the reverse effects. The choice of a new immersion strategy is also significant because it would allow taking t he advantages of the relatively homogeneous linguistic environment in the class and the relative simplicity of the curriculum. Though there was no evidence of decreasing the students’ academic performance due to the second language instructions in the 50% of the study areas, the measures need to be imposed for controlling the levels of the students’ academic performance and second language comprehension which need to be sufficient for solving challenging academic problems. Reference List Baker, C. Sienkewicz, A. (2002). The care and education of young bilinguals: An introduction for professionals. Tonawanda, NY: Multilingual Matters Ltd. Baker, C. (2001). Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism. (4th ed.) Multilingual Matters. Blanchard, C. Prados, A. (September 2007) Saudi Arabia: Terrorist financing issues. CRS Report for Congress. Web. Donato, R. Tucker, G. (2010). A tale of two schools: Developing sustainable early foreign language programs. Tonawand a, NY: Multilingual Matters. Garcia, O. Baker, C. (2007). Bilingual education: An introductory reader. Tonawanda, NY: Multilingual Matters. Garcia, O. (2009). Bilingual education in the 21st Century. Benefits of Bilingualism (pp. 93-107). Multilingual Matters. Khan, A. and Aziz, K. (March 2011) Role of applied linguistics in the teaching of English in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of English Linguistics, 1 (1), 105-113. Lee, O., Luykx, A., Buxton, C., Shaver, A. (November 2007). The challenge of altering elementary school teachers’ beliefs and practices regarding linguistic and cultural diversity in science instruction. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44(9), 1269-1291. Lindholm-Leary, K. (2001). Dual language education. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters. Lyster, R. (2007). Learning and teaching languages through content: A counterbalanced approach. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing. Ryan, K. Cooper, J. (2010). Those who can, teach. Boston, MA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Saunders, Semonsky, C. Spielberger, M. (2004). Early language learning: A model for success. 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Every Picture Tells A Story Essay Essays

Every Picture Tells A Story Essay Essays Every Picture Tells A Story Essay Essay Every Picture Tells A Story Essay Essay This image shows a figure of African-Americans line uping. Their line extends from one border of the exposure to the other proposing a long waiting line. The work forces and adult females are have oning coats suggestive of the manner during the early portion of the twentieth century. It must besides hold been a cold twenty-four hours in fall or early spring in that they have to set their custodies inside their pockets to maintain warm. In the background is a elephantine hoarding picturing an American household comprising of a female parent. male parent. two kids and a Canis familiaris. They are inside a auto drive through the countryside. On top of the hoarding are the words â€Å"World’s Highest Standards of Living† and on the right in cursive. â€Å"There’s No Way Like the American Way† . These words suggest to the spectator the richness of an American life style. specifically the mean American household. To belong to an American household is the best topographic point to be in the universe. The lensman is seeking to indicate out the sarcasm between the two elements in the image. The whole image suggests a pictural commentary about inequality in American society and the semblance that the hoarding advertises. The â€Å"highest criterions of living† that the hoarding ascribes is merely applicable to the white American. The traditional. smiling. healthy. atomic household contrasts aggressively with the brooding looks on the faces of the people in the waiting line. The bright hoarding and the dark colourss in the people’s vesture farther stress this point. The spectator does non cognize what they were falling in line for but from the fact that some of them are transporting bags and pails. they are likely line uping for nutrient rations. The state of affairs sing racial divisions is non as bad today as it was decennaries before or the clip when the exposure was taken. There are still some hapless people who fall in line in soup kitchens. for nutrient casts. and impermanent shelters. but they would be comprised of black and white Americans. Billboard ads though. have non changed. They still promote the good manner of life to lure clients ; still feigning that American life merely offers good things.